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Pre-contact Noth America:
- Hard to research because history wasn't well documented or preserved
- Native Americans have their own oral histories
Migration:
1st Wave:
- From Siberia over 15,000 years ago
- Constantly pursued game
- Lived very hard constantly mobile lives
- Came across the Bering Land Bridge, caused by the Ice Age lowering the sea level, to get to Alaska
- By 10,000 years ago they settled across the content
2nd Wave:
- 8-10 thousand years ago*
- Used boats to cross the Bering straight
- Decendants are the Navajo, Apache, Inuit, and Aluit
3rd Wave:
- Didn't spread as far as the first wave*
Paleo Indians:
- Nomadic peoples in groups of 15-50 individuals
- From 1st wave of migration
- Found a "hunter's paradise" full of large slow herbavores
- Mammoths, large bison, carribou, etc.
- 2/3 of species over 100 pounds died out because of over-hunting and climate change
- This forced them to diversify their food and resources becoming the Archaic People
Archaic People:
- More complex and stationary life
- Still nomadic but started building temporary base camps*
- Hunt more diverse animals and new food sources leads to a population boom
- Start modifying the enviroment but don't develop farming
- Starting staying within smaller patches of land and developing cultures and traditions
- Stories, rituals, languages, etc.
- Developed trade networks all the way from the Great Lakes to the coast
Colonisation:
- Different European countries had different stratagies for dealing with Indigenous Americans and thus different relationships with them
- The Spanish created missions and tried to convert them
- The French did this as well but also participated a lot in the fur trade which required collaboration with Indigenous Americans
- The English and Dutch
- Ofter new colonies in the Americas struggles with diplomacy and war with the Native Americans in the area and growing their onwn food
- Many of these colonies either imported or captured slaves (both African and Native American) but opinions differed between colonies on weather this was a permenant or temporary condition and weather it was passed down through the generations
- All needed traditional art experience at some point in their education
- Started out more general before focusing on what interested them and specializing
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